18th century knife history. Eastern Longhunter Knife.

18th century knife history 277 (called Cingalese, early 18th century). 4 Small 18th Century French Pocket Knife History. " Ephesians 2: Life in 18th Century America often required colonists to be resourceful. Inexpensive and easy to slip in a pocket, their very ubiquity means few bothered to mention their existence. Texto Editora, 1994. Eastern Longhunter Knife. This knife was a smaller version of the rifleman's knife with a shorter three to four-inch blade. p. Culture: Sri Lankan. Sausages the 18th-century way. Showing 1–32 of 34 results Sorted by latest A pair of fine Japanese export lacquered cutlery boxes Kyoto or Nagasaki, late 18th century H. Authentic Reproductions of 18th & 19th Century American Frontier Knives. There was no special scalping knife used to remove the scalp and skin from one's enemy; colonists and Native Americans used their regular knife for that purpose. Early 18th Century: The butterfly knife, or balisong, was invented by the French and used for hunting. The First Mass Produced EDC Knife: A Short History of the Barlow. [1][5] Examples of steel automatic folding knives from Sheffield England have crown markings that date to 1840. Sheath S-3265 will work with this knife style. The blade is about 5" long with the overall length being approximately 9 1/2". Pocket knives have a long rich history, having been found in 1 st century Roman sites. According to Charles E. Throwing Knife Sheath. In the Victorian period the butter knife was used to serve butter, rather than to spread it. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Bowie Knife. , the Vikings terrorized Europe with their ferocious raids on coastal settlements and cities. Leather wrapped wood sheath with leather braided belt tie & loop still attached tip of sheath is missing and blade tip is exposed when inserted. The first is English, and appeared in the colonies around 1762. 3, Fall 1987) The term “butcher knife” began to appear in trade goods lists toward the end of the 18 th century. 2008: Random House, New York, NY. 33. 92nd Gordon Highlanders 1815 (Australia) A Beginner's Guide To Woodland Indian Reenacting. T. com, there is a gre Sep 1, 2012 · This posting will take a look at fixed-blade knives used in the Pays des Illinois during the 18th century. Splitting and carving wood, cutting rope, preparing a fire, hunting, and gathering food were common tasks. It is thought that they got their name 'riflemen knife' as they were the basic equipment of the rifleman, along with his rifle and It was used for specialty tasks such as filleting, paring and chopping. An 18th century Longknife fresh from our shop. They had one other quality that made them widespread – they were cheap. There is also a theory which suggests that the Sgian dubh evolved from the sgian achlais (ochles), the “armpit dagger” mentioned in connection with the Scots in the 17th and 18th century. A Barlow Knife History of the Barlow knife According to an article at Barlowgenealogy. 00 Colonial America18th Century Whaler's Flensing Knife to Remove Blubberc. In different periods of history a “butcher knife” might mean widely differing styles of knives by 1816 in Sheffield it meant a knife May 14, 2024 · The blade takes a keen edge, and there is enough exposed tang behind the edge to control the blade from folding during food prep or other chores. Black leather belt sheath. Our selection of reproduction historic knives, tomahawks, and axes will bring you closer to the past with each use. Folding quill knives tend to have small or short narrow blades where as the common clasp knives tend to have longer wider blades. The Its a second chance to reenact history! So one of our goals as a company from the beginning was to do the very best we could to honor the history that has been passed down to us. D. The lion motif distinguishes this knife as an early piece, most likely mid-late 18th century. With a hoof pommel. Unknown workers in New England had been making pocketknives in small shops in the early decades of the 19th century, but lacked specialized skill Jas. In the 18th century, the folding clasp knife seems to have been the blade of choice. Stone Age axes were the first axes made of flint and stone and were held by the hand. 99 Classic, clean lines, simulated stag grips made of genuine bone, and brass bolsters make this 8-1/2" long, clip-point blade just right. [5] Title: Hunting Knife (Coutelas) Date: 18th century. Left: A koftgari-decorated small sword with Colichemarde blade, second half 18th Century. Apr 4, 2012 · I am fascinated by 18th century America. Everything you'd ever want to know about Trade Knives. Morristown National Historical Park, National Park Service Museum Collection. Authentic Frontier Knives from Crazy Crow. Batsford, 1965. Pocket knives have a long history that dates to 1st century Roman sites. [2] The swordstick became a popular fashion accessory for the wealthy during the 18th and 19th centuries. Crafted from high-quality mahogany with intricate inlaid details, this box is a stunning addition to any antique collection. 1760 18th century, Whaler's Iron Flensing Blade with a Maker's Mark, type used to remove the outer layer of Blubber from a Whale carcass, overall length of 13. Stainless steel knives became very popular in the early 20th century as they were easy to clean and were cheap to mass produce. It is approximately 9” in length and features brass and horn handle with stainless steel blade and a strong spring. Houston & Zalesky, Mark D. Riflemen Knives are a longer version of a blade knife often reaching 12 inches or more in length. It can function as a smaller knife by using the narrower part of the blade, closest to the handle. a Link. Dec 20, 2024 · This is a wonderful example of 18th century reproduction pocket knife with a strong spring. Medium: Timeline of Art History. Classic Early America Patch Knives Authentic Reproductions of 18th & 19th Century American Knives. Switchblades date from the mid-18th century. With the development of American coastal areas and the frontier moved inland, the custom of wearing belt knives for farmers and tradesmen in ‘civilized’ colonial regions waned. By the early 1700s, little had changed in their design. The Bowie knife’s design featured a long, curved blade with a sharp point and a clip on the back edge. A oak handle is attached by three solid brass pins. SIDEBAR 2. The Flintlock Gun in the 18th Century Mar 18, 2009 · Here are a couple of recently finished copies of 18th c. 23, No. Thus, the name scalping knife did not come from removing the scalp of one's enemy. The Cartouche Knife was one of the most extensively traded knives in 17th and 18th century North Ame. 77th Highland Regiment Of Foot- Montgomerie's Highlanders. Most students of history point to the mid-18th century when discussing this particular kind of blade, pointing at the development of folding spike bayonets attached to various kinds of flintlocks. Despite the name, these boxes generally held an array of eating utensils including marrow spoons and forks. 21 cm The bow-fronted boxes with sloping lids flat at the top are made of hinoki wood (Cypress), coated with Japanese paper and decorated in lacquer with scattered gold birds and flowers on a nashiji background. Oct 5, 2012 · 18TH CENTURY LIVING HISTORY IN AUSTRALIA. Mar 6, 2022 · Although by the late 18th century Americans were making small folding penknives of steel for sharpening quill pens for writing, other types of folding pocketknives were still imported from Sheffield. [1] The famous Fuller's Penny Knife helped gain the reputation of Sheffield, England, cutlers in the pre-industrial era of the early 18th century Aug 1, 2013 · 18th Century History; 18th Century Life. In fact - they became the main competitors of Swiss folding multi-purpose knives, with the same long history and solid reputation. A Covilheira - A Middle Ages Blog. 5 x W. 18th & 19th Century American Clothing; New Molded Leather Scabbards with German Silver Throats & Tips; Gifts For Home & Host; Gifts for 18th & 19th Century Historic Reenactors < $50; Gifts for 18th & 19th Century Historic Reenactors < $100; Gifts for 18th & 19th Century Historic Reenactors over $100; Bone & Horn Choker Spacers Sale Nov 14, 2008 · History ; Knives of the 18th 19th century Knives of the 18th 19th century. We are an 18th and 19th Century Trading Company geared for the most part to Living History and Re-enacting. Nov 30, 2024 · 18th Century 1700s Revolutionary War Era knife. Made in USA Item May 12, 2022 · One of the most popular folding knives known today is the so-called 'Barlow' knife. The earliest known examples of spring-loaded blades were constructed by craftsmen in Europe, who developed an automatic folding spike bayonet for use on flintlock pistols and coach guns. Feb 3, 2023 · Known simply as Bowie No. Group, Westport, Conn. 42nd Royal Highland Regiment 1815ad. A Most Peculiar Mademoiselle May 11, 2022 · The 18th Century In Germany, the four-tined (or pronged) fork had become standardized, although the double-tined fork was still the norm in England even though it was not so helful for scooping food. Perfect for modern use and living history events. The Longhunter or Minuteman would keep such a knife as an Oct 12, 2024 · This pocket/folding knife is a reproduction of common mass produced knives from the 18th and 19th centuries. 18th Century Clasp Knife from Scratch. No makers mark blade has been cleaned or sharpened by a novice See pics for details. A Barlow knife is a style of folding pocket knife known for its tough bolster and tear-shaped handle. This was a knife slightly larger than the Sgian Dubh and was carried in the upper sleeve of the jacket, under the left arm. The second is a French copy that was traded throughout most of the 18th c Calling all history enthusiasts! Step into the past with this meticulously crafted 18th Century French Pocket Knife reproduction. The "Roach Belly" shape of the blade easily dates back to the 18th Century. While only a select few of the Scandinavian A precedent for the swordstick would be used by 17th century century spy Alonso de Contreras, who would hide a sword inside a staff while disguised as a pilgrim. 24 x D. . The most renowned knife in history during the 19th century is the Bowie knife. Townsend & Son Inc. Both utility tool and fighting dagger, the Rifleman's Knife was as adept for self defense and war as it was for dressing game and camp duties. trade knives, "scalpers". Feb 11, 2012 · 18th Century History; 18th Century Life. From its modest origins as basic stone tools to the elegant and complex forms of contemporary kitchen blades, the development of knives is an intriguing path. The corrosion was carefully removed Nov 29, 2012 · 18th century Clasp Knife Handmade. Named after its creator, James Bowie, this knife gained popularity after his famous Sandbar Fight in 1827. These are very close to the originals, and were copied from relic blades. Daehnhardt, Rainer. 78cm) satin finish high carbon tool steel blade. The inventory of Marie Catherine Baron listed above has been translated as containing a "hunting knife". 12-1/2" overall length. Women's Embroidered Mittens. See full list on britannica. fig. Shop 18th and 19th Century Knives & Daggers Shop battle-ready knives and daggers from the 18th-19th centuries, including Scottish dirks, bowie knives, bayonets, sgian-dubhs, and more. Beginning in the 8th century A. The history of the switchblade knife dates back to the mid-18th century, where it was first developed in France. A fuller is made on each side of this blade. These are great for camping, crafting, reenacting, living history and even everyday use. Feb 3, 2023 · Voyles points to the truly American knife and says that the history of the country allows for a nod to the J. A Most Peculiar Mademoiselle Mar 18, 2018 · Price, C. Originally made specifically for the Hudson Bay Company by Sheffield England cutlers, Jukes and Coulson or Jukes, Coulson, Stokes approximately around This knife was hand shaped from carbon steel to craft a knife based on 18th century American examples. Daily Life on the Old Colonial Farmer. We have spent years researching and manufacturing the finest line of Throwing Knives, Bowie knives, Daggers, Scalpers, Skinner and other knives used by the American mountain man available today. Oct 29, 2020 · Folding Pocket Knives popular among troops during the American Revolution. Along with a spoon, the by-knife was the Highlander’s primary eating utensil. A Most Peculiar Mademoiselle Dec 18, 2024 · A rare fine quality turn of the 18th/19th century American Federal period antique cutlery knife box, exquisitely hand-crafted, of large size and proportions, serpentine shaped front, finished in stunning flame mahogany, you can see the artisan spared no expense by finishing all sides and the interior. Video. Good for civil war reenacting. Ships: Queen Anne's Cannon. DECORATION OF THE KNIFE HANDLES The excavated knives from Amsterdam are dated from the 13th century onwards, but most of the knives are dated to the 17th and 18th centuries. This abandoned knife was heavily corroded and missing its handle. Steel pinned grips and full tang indicative of early side knifes. Are these the best American knives? The penny knife was a originally a simple 18th century utility knife with a fixed blade. Espingareda Feiticeira: A Introdução da Arma de Fogo Pelos Portugueses no Extremo Oriente = The Bewitched Gun: The Introduction of the Firearm in the Far East by the Portuguese. The majority of these knives was the Barlow knife; simply made, mass produced, with a handle not only of horn or ivory, but sturdy wood. Design & Designing Most butter knives, like this one,are designed with a wide, scimitar-shaped blade with a blunt edge. How to Daub A Cabin. Folding Pocket Knives were popular among troops during the American Revolution. Nov 19, 2012 · 18th century Clasp Knife Handmade. On the end is an age split. In my casual search for the kinds of utility and hunting knives carried by 18th century hunters/woodsmen/soldiers, i came across this interesting web sight, and this pretty cool list of the basic equipment kid carried by an 18th century individual Late 19th Century German Knife & Fork Set - Single Knife Early 20th Centry German Knife : 18th Centrury Single English Knife - Late 18th Century English Knife & Fork Set : 19th Century Knife with Sheath Italian or Spanish Example : Pointed Knife Example 19th Century believed to be a German design. Three tools are synonymous with the 18th century woodsrunner, the gun, the knife, and the axe or tomahawk. Dec 20, 2017 · In a world of wood and rope, the knife was the sailor’s indispensable companion. It is not known precisely when Barlow knives appeared on the Intricate cases such as these were used for public display on the sideboards of the early American elite. Blade length of 8 and 1/2 inches and Overall length of 14 and 1/4 inches. Aug 3, 2010 · The Woodsman’s Knives. With an authentically styled belt sheath with leather "snapper" hook. The kukri often appears in Nepalese heraldry and is used in many traditional, Hindu -centric rites such as wedding ceremonies. Owning a Scarce Early Antique Stiletto Dagger Knife is not just about possessing a rare collectible; it’s about owning a piece of history. Some believe Black made one or more knives for Jim Bowie. Browsing the images as per the link, my granny (grandmother) had a 'gulley knife' very similar to the 18th century trade knife in the kitchen, it was used for most kitchen tasks, but mainly used to slice fresh baked bread. 18th Century Coffee Pot - Made in the USA $50. Table knives are by far the most numerous kind of knives from post medieval contexts. The exact origins of the switchblade are difficult to pinpoint. Pictures and arrows, etc. In 18th century Sheffield, filesmiths were of equal status to cutlers and steel refiners, and they all belonged to the same guild. By the early 1700’s, there was little change to their design. Whether you're a dedicated reenactor, avid collector, or simply appreciate the artistry of our ancestors, this knife is a must-have addition to your collection. The first examples of the butter knife date from the late 18th century. London: B. When interpreting a woodsman or woods woman of the 18th century, it is important to think of the uses these knives were put to then, not how you might use a knife now. Anything Goes in 18th Century Sword Fighting. Middle Knife pictured 18th Century German Knife. Oct 3, 2018 · Just wondering what was the most common 18th century method for securing a knife sheath (long knife/trade knife) to a belt? There are lots of pictures online of trade style knives and sheaths, but basically none ot them show the back of the sheath, only the front. By virtue of their exclusiveness the knives were probably not readily discarded(29). May 9, 2023 · 18th century paring knife used to give the coup de grâce or finish off the bulls. Jul 27, 2021 · On this episode, we go into detail on 2 common style of pocket knives used during the 1700's. The iron and horngrip surface has dark areas from age with a nicely shaped blade which can be seen in the photos. An Introduction to Blade Styles. These are small multi-purpose knives, which originally became widespread in America and Canada in the 18th century. Learn more about this item Beautiful approximate 18th century knife box is a true masterpiece of Georgian style furniture. 1, this early 19th-century knife is attributed to the style of James Black. Check out the deal on 18th Century Kentucky Rifleman's Knife with Sheath at Crazy Crow Trading Post Crazy Crow Trading Post: Largest line of Native American craft supplies & kits anywhere. English knives had therefore begun to be made with very wide tips, almost like a spoon except flat, which made them more practical for scooping Cartouche Knife. May 24, 2019 · Stone-Age Axes. At 18th Century Arms we strive to produce the finest reproductions. Throwing Knife, Bowie Knife, Green River Knives, 18th Century Hand Forged Knives. Chronology Before the Bowie Knife became the iconic American frontier knife, the Rifleman's Knife was the essential knife and sidearm of the early American colonial frontiersman, Longhunter and militiaman. Boxed. Knife is in good original condition with signs of corrosion and pitting on the forged carbon steel blade. This small museum celebrates the history of the Ouija board and its connection to the city of Baltimore. com Mar 18, 2018 · Young boys throughout the colonies carried pocket knives or jack-knifes which they took long into adulthood. Date: 18th century. The Sorocaban knife (Portuguese: faca Sorocabana) is a type of knife or short sword developed in Brazil, more precisely the state of São Paulo, around the turn of 18th to the 19th century. Breezy Knoll Mercantile's mission is to produce and procure quality, historically accurate 18th century reproduction goods and provide these items at affordable prices to history enthusiasts and historical reenactors. Volo, Dorothy Denneen & Volo, James M. Thanks again the Chris and SUM for providing a well executed reproduction. Ulfberht Sword. " HA! Below are two repros by Ken Hamilton, who specializes in 18th century French stuff but makes the best English scalpers anywhere. Sep 15, 2024 · This is a great example of 18th century reproduction folding knife. Throwing Knife. Urn-shaped cases, usually constructed of satinwood, in the style of Robert Adam of the Adams Brothers of London, became a popular adornment on Neoclassic style Its use in duels and skirmishes has left a mark on history, making it a valuable artifact for understanding the martial culture of the time. Sep 6, 2023 · Then "18th Century Native American Reenacting", then "What is a "Typical" English Scalper Knife". Hanson, Jr. in The Museum of the Fur Trade Quarterly (Vol. At least a couple examples of this type are known to exist, the one in Grant's book was found in Ohio with a history of Indian use. Chronology Central Europe (including Germany), 1600-1800 A. As the dirk continued to evolve, it became what today we would call a camp knife. 18th century Not on view Knife and Fork with Sheath. The Flintlock Gun in the 18th Century Feb 25, 2013 · 18th Century History; 18th Century Life. We will always strive to do the best we can with historical accuracy and quality. By the beginning of the 19th century, the fork was firmly established on The penny knife was a originally a simple 18th century utility knife with a fixed blade. top of page. In the latter part of the 18th century, craftsmen designed and made knife boxes in the Hepplewhite and Sheraton styles with slant fronts, hinged lids, and beautiful veneered surfaces. Measuring approximately 10 1/8” inches long with 4 5/8” inch single edged hand forged iron blade. A true early Whaler's Flensing Knife, the essential tool in the whaling trade used to remove the outer layer of blubber from a whale carcass. " They were traded in North American as "butchers" and eventually marketed to Indians as "Scalping knives. With split walnut hilt. American styles were similar but less ornate. Mar 8, 2011 · An 18th century Knife Sheath Now that we have our butcher or "scalping" knife sorted out, we ought to make a period correct scabbard for it. [2] of the British collier General Carleton. Geography: Zurich. In the 18th century they were generally called knife cases but this changed in the 19th century… Early America Folding Pocket Knives Authentic Reproductions of 18th & 19th Century American Knives. 13" (28. American Civil War group in Australia. Jan 5, 2024 · A knife-grinder, Paris, second half of the 18th century; A knife-sharpener in the Cries of Danzig, c. May 15, 2022 · An 18th century folding knife from Europe. 34 The demand was such that several high-end Cabinetmakers in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, and Baltimore began production of very high-quality reproductions of 18th century furniture. Mar 27, 2009 · Pocket knives have a long rich history, having been found in 1st century Roman sites. Price $30. We service the living history community, historic sites, museums, and theatrical, motion picture, and television production companies. The blade of this knife has been hand forged from the shock springs off an old truck (5160 carbon steel) and hand filed to shape leaving some forge and file marks, like some of the originals. Nov 15, 2024 · 18th Century English Trade Knife Blade Blank ad vertisement by Chatterleysreplicas Ad vertisement from shop Chatterleysreplicas Chatterleysreplicas From shop Chatterleysreplicas $ 32. 5", Very Fine. For the background on early European knife scabbard methods and materials, I really highly recommend reading this book: Feb 26, 2020 · It frequently had a single “by-knife,” or utility knife with a 5- or 6- inch blade, carried in a pocket on the outside of the sheath. This knife is made by Josh Wrightsman using traditional 18th century methods and finished in an English style. Second Hand French Butcher Knife Conversion. The Barlow knife was invented in England, but became popular in the United States in the 18th and 19th century. 7" (17. Official Guide to Collector Knives. Share Feb 23, 2013 · 18th Century History; 18th Century Life. Right: A hunting sword with decorated bronze elements and fish-skin hilt, ca 1825 – 1850. You can see the same blade profile in mid-18th century paintings and marketed as "fish knives. It was originally designed as a tool for peasants and farmers, who needed a knife that could be quickly and easily opened with one hand. A Link. Sep 6, 2024 · Called a Boucheron knife or a French scalping Knife by the English during the 18th century these were very commonly traded to Native Americans in the fur trade and also frequently used by European hunters and woodsmen aswell. Today, ceramic knives are the newest item in the kitchen, made of very hard and tough ceramic, Zirconium dioxide, and rarely need sharpening. Full tang. Skillfully made, reasonably priced, satisfaction guaranteed. The Patch Knife or Patch Cutter is a standard part of any rifleman's equipment. Quick View. The box measures 14 inches in height, 9 inches in width, and 9 inches in depth, making it the perfect size for storing your finest knives. Beads, leather, feathers, blankets, books- over 8000 items online. Woodland Indian Dwellings and Shelters. "For we are God's handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. is a manufacturer and retailer of quality reproduction 18th and early 19th Century clothing and personal accessories. Left: A South Indian pata sword with Solingen blade, 17th Century. 27cm) overall. [5] The earliest known examples of spring-loaded blades were constructed by craftsmen in Europe, who developed an automatic folding spike bayonet for use on flintlock pistols and coach guns. Switchblade knives date from the mid-18th century. Makes a practical period patch knife, ready carry in a pouch or possibles bag. By Dannyboyy November 14, 2008 in History. $43. The Philippine version, known as sinturon, is The 18th Century: Folding Spike Bayonets and Clock Springs. 5” Apr 23, 2018 · 4. 54, ill. 62nd New York. The heavier and wider end of the blade, towards the tip, functions as an axe or a small shovel. Lanyard hole. Friday 5 October 2012. Handmade in the USA High Carbon Steel Oak Handle This great knife is made right here in the USA from 1095 high carbon steel. Sep 17, 2018 · hello, A Gulley knife is a Scots word. no makers mark likely Dec 11, 2008 · The History: The Hudson Bay Camp Knife can trace its roots back to the days of the mountain man and the fur trade era of the late 18th century. Timeline of Art History. 1765; Le rémouleur by Nicolas Bernard Lépicié ; 2 days ago · Dive into the restoration of an old hunting knife unearthed near an 18th-century house site. Lion Head Knife close copy of an original shown in Madison Grant's The Knife in Homespun America. A Most Peculiar Mademoiselle Late 1600s: The Navajo knife, introduced during the Spanish Civil War, initially served as a multipurpose tool but later featured a locking mechanism, making it one of the earliest lockback knives. 00. 2002: Greenwood Publ. Later in the 18th century folding quill knives start to appear & become more common in the 19th century. It got the name penny knife because it cost 1 penny in England and America towards the end of the 18th century. Price $60. Brown wood handle. Russell Green River Works in the 1830s—the mountain man period when skinning knives were pretty much an enhanced version of the butcher knife—the epic sandbar fight that brought the bowie knife to the forefront, George Schrade and the introduction of the switchblade, and other Jun 20, 2012 · 18th-century wood-and-steel knife and fork. These included from earliest on: core axe, flake axe (large flake chipped from a core), Lihult axe (roughly hewn greenstone axe – igneous rock containing feldspar and hornblende – of western Sweden), thin-butted axe (from flint for use as a working axe), round stone axe (greenstone axe Dec 3, 2024 · <p>18th Century 1700s Revolutionary War Era knife</p><br /><p> Knife is in good original condition with signs of corrosion and pitting on the forged iron blade. My target for acquiring materials for my living history impression continues to be 1750. Classic Early American Rifleman's Knife Authentic Reproductions of 18th & 19th Century American Rifleman's Knives. The box features a beautiful brown Jul 18, 2024 · A daily instrument that has been absolutely essential throughout human history is a knife. Perhaps the most famous knife in American history, the Bowie knife has influenced American knife making for over 200 years. Apr 10, 2016 · Early 18th century quill or pen knives were of the fixed blade type. Folded knife approximately 4. Dec 3, 2024 · 18th Century 1700s Revolutionary War Era knife. Indeed most of the surnames in this list will be familiar to fanciers of antique English knives. Internet. 00 11. Lengthy discussion, moderated by and tons of research by Ken Hamilton. These high quality and often custom made pieces were what were later to be coined “Centennial,” but are often placed under the general categories of Nov 3, 2024 · Here is a nice 18th century small folding knife in good original condition. vef sciua joic silvi zkqheqjk djswz tybpmy wlz urhr sgxm