Lithium orotate children 2002), suggesting that children may require higher serum levels of lithium to achieve the same brain concentrations. Lithium Orotate from Advanced Research is a dietary supplement that may support a healthy mood and emotional wellness. Not suitable for children under 4 years of age. What Are the Primary Uses and Benefits of Lithium Orotate? Lithium orotate is primarily used as a mood stabilizer and cognitive enhancer. What you need to know: Offered in larger doses of 5 milligrams, these chelated lithium orotate tablets are organic and vegan. , 2006). The orotate, the smallest pill you can get is like 2. Lithium was also found to be a competitive inhibitor for glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3β), a downstream regulator of diverse signaling pathways, as well as a factor in regulating GSK-3β phosphorylation. Per research, proper transport of B12 requires an adequate amount of lithium orotate. Currently on 25mgs. Doses far too low to generate the “therapeutic range” of pharmaceutical lithium. † Lithium Orotate provides a low serving of lithium (5 mg per capsule). Psychiatry Reimagined 2024 Conference; FMMH 2023 Annual Conference; Low-Dose Lithium; Binge-Eating & Food Addiction; Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Jan 5, 2025 · However, agitation, one classical symptom of serotonin syndrome, was lacking. These non-GMO, gluten-free capsules have undergone third-party testing to ensure purity and potency. Lithium orotate is a naturally occurring essential mineral. Oct 13, 2024 · Lithium Orotate. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. One of my favorite lithium research reports was published in a relatively prestigious medical 2025 Special! Lithium Symposium Lectures $99; Past Seminars. This clinical update covers how to prescribe lithium for children and adolescents and how to talk with patients and parents about lithium. doi: 10. Frustration, annoyance, anger. Children 7 years of age and older weighing less than 20 kg—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. This formulation of Lithium Orotate includes 10 mg of We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Potential Benefits for Mood Stabilization and Reducing Hyperactivity: Jul 9, 2024 · An open study in 42 alcoholic patients evaluated the effect of lithium orotate 150 mg/day taken over 6 months. Nov 15, 2024 · Lithium excretion into breastmilk and concentrations in infant serum are highly variable. How does this medicine work? Lithium is used for some types of depression, bipolar disorder, and cluster headaches. Lithium has a “stabilizing” effect on certain chemicals and nerves in the body. Some children may report feeling "off" or flat; if this occurs, discontinue the supplement. As with all dietary supplements, consult your healthcare This negative view of lithium has impeded the utility of lithium in modern medicine. Dec 9, 2024 · Lithium orotate modulates neurotransmitter activity, inhibits GSK-3β enzyme, increases neurotrophic factors, reduces neuroinflammation, and enhances vitamin B12 and folate metabolism. In recent years, lithium orotate has gained attention as a specialized form of lithium that may offer potential advantages for individuals with autism. The history of orotic acid and its relevance to human biology. 5 or 5 mg. Nov 2, 2023 · Lithium is FDA-approved for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents 12 years and up; however, its potential off-label utility is broad, from affective aggression to anorexia nervosa. (Sartori 1986) Other studies show lithium orotate may improve depression associated with bipolar disorder. This alkali metal has been used for almost 60 years for BD as the “gold standard” [] for mood stabilization []. Alterative to Lithium Drops or Pills. May 30, 2016 · The prescription lithium is called lithium carbonate — the nutritional lithium is lithium citrate or lithium orotate. It helps you to have more control over your emotions and function better. The body requires lithium in trace amounts. Lithium is a natural mineral, found in low quantities in the environment. Choose from Same Day Delivery, Drive Up or Order Pickup. 6 mg of elemental lithium per tablet; May help improve mood and sense of wellbeing; May support focus and memory; Supports healthy serotonin levels; Made in Jun 10, 2012 · KAL Lithium Orotate 5mg, Low Dose Lithium Supplement for Brain, Nervous System and Mood Support, Chelated and Highly Bioavailable, Vegan, Non-GMO, Organic Rice Extract Blend, 180 Servings, 180 VegCaps Supplement FactsServing Size: 1 VegCapAmount Per Serving % Daily Value*** Lithium (as lithium orotate)1000 mcg ***Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet Other Ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable cellulose (capsule). Give it at regular times to keep a steady level in the bloodstream. Product Details: 4. Warnings: Keep out of reach of children. It helps stabilize moods. Advanced research has led to a unique way to receive a chelated form of this nutrient to provide optimal bioavailability. Liquid lithium is acceptable for children who cannot swallow capsules. William Hammond at Bellevue Hospital, in 1871, was the first physician to prescribe lithium for mania “to diminish the amount of blood in the cerebral vessels, and to calm any nervous excitement that may be present” (). Adolescents may receive lithium, but dosing must be comparable to adults with frequent monitoring. Children younger than 7 years of age—Use is not recommended. Let us look at the benefits in detail. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 32 adults (average age 25) with ADHD were treated with Ritalin up to 40 mg/day or lithium up to 1,200 mg/day. Oct 24, 2022 · Lithium orotate is available in smaller doses: 5 MG, 10 MG, 20 MG, and 120 MG. 1 The history of orotic acid and its relevance to human biology. Apr 11, 2022 · Like Dr. Lithium treatment has been shown to be as effective as Ritalin in young adults with ADHD. Oct 9, 2024 · For children with DMDD, lithium can sometimes provide profound benefits, helping to safely decrease symptoms when used in such low doses. Vital Nutrients Lithium (orotate) 20mg enhances Vitamin B12 and Folate transport into L1210 brain cells* Elemental lithium supplement supplied as lithium orotate* May support mental and behavioral health* Lithium is an alkali metal found in trace amounts of most rocks, as well as mineral springs, ocean water, and nearly all vertebrate tissue. 1. Additionally, Lithium Orotate helps balance neurotransmitter levels, which can reduce impulsivity and Aug 5, 2020 · This preliminary assessment of lithium in children and adolescents with ASD suggests that lithium may be a medication of interest for those who exhibit two or more mood disorder symptoms, particularly mania or euphoria/elevated mood. 99 ($0. Low lithium levels may be associated with blood-sugar imbalance in insulin-sensitive tissues; developmental delay in children; and attention issues, nervousness, and insomnia. It could also promote memory and improve behavior. Lithium orotate is the lithium salt of orotic acid, commonly used to boost mood. Dec 17, 2024 · Lithium orotate, like any other supplement or medication, should only be used under the supervision and guidance of a qualified healthcare provider. Mental Health Matters: Lithium Orotate’s Potential Impact. With 240 capsules per bottle, this product offers a convenient and reliable way to incorporate lithium into your daily routine. 1016/j Aug 11, 2024 · Lithium Orotate: A Specialized Form for Autism Treatment. 6 mg of elemental lithium per tablet; May help improve mood and sense of wellbeing; May support focus and memory; Supports healthy serotonin levels; Made in Jul 1, 2019 · A study on almost 5,000 US children aged 4 to 15 years found children with the highest blood lead levels were over four times as likely to have ADHD compared to children with the lowest blood lead levels (Braun et al. Started taking Lithium Orotate and titrated off of most of the pharmaceutical medications. However, high levels of lithium are toxic. Prescription lithium carbonate, however, gives the total amount of lithium carbonate (300mg, 600mg, 900mg, etc. Lithium is an important trace element naturally occurring in many types of foods including grains and vegetables. Feb 3, 2021 · Another form of lithium called lithium orotate, is preferred because the orotate ion crosses the blood-brain barrier more easily than the carbonate ion of lithium carbonate. (Lithium, of course requires blood level monitoring). Existing research on lithium treatment primarily involves adults. 5 mg) with remarkable results and no side effects [49,50]. Age Restrictions: Lithium is generally not recommended for children under 12. Consumption of lithium from lithium-containing groundwater to low levels found in fruits, vegetables and Mar 6, 2022 · Kal Lithium Orotate. While lithium orotate is gaining attention for its cognitive benefits, let’s not forget its roots in mental health. What you’ll love: Available in either a 60-count or 120-count bottle, this product could help enhance the mood and inspire a more positive outlook. Aug 28, 2024 · Vitamatic Lithium Orotate 20mg, 90 Capsules are vegetarian capsules that provide a highly bioavailable form of lithium. Lithium orotate intervention demonstrated benefit in treating alcoholism and was also associated with improvements in depression. Lithium, in prescription form (lithium carbonate), is a well-known mood stabilizer used primarily for bipolar disorder treatment. Lithium has been used historically to support a positive mood and sense of calm during times of high stress, worry, and anger. , 2016). With 90 capsules per bottle, this product offers a convenient and reliable way to incorporate lithium into your daily routine. This was thought to be due to masking by lithium toxicity. AutoShip & Save Dec 6, 2024 · Lithium Orotate. The only adverse effects she experienced were mild Mode of action of lithium in bipolar disorder. 99 $ 35 . This is because some evidence indicates a correlation between long-term high-dose lithium supplementation and healthy telomere length. Hence, lithium helped the children feel that they had more control over themselves. It can support brain function and improve mood, aiding focus and concentration. Li is a monovalent (Li +) alkali metal and is widely used for the treatment of BD []. Sep 9, 2021 · In this post, we’ll focus on lithium orotate, and discuss how it’s different from high-dose and low-dose lithium carbonate. After all, this is where lithium first made its mark. Lithium orotate: a superior lithium compound? 7. Though the available literature is mostly short-term, there is evidence that lithium monotherapy is reasonably safe and effective in children and adolescents, specifically for acute mania and for prevention of mood episodes. 60/Count) Get it as soon as Friday, Dec 27 Apr 22, 2013 · Lithium is a mineral with a cloudy reputation. Mood Stabilization and Emotional Regulation: Lithium is well-known for its mood-stabilizing properties, and lithium orotate may offer similar benefits with potentially fewer side effects. Humans have been exposed to lithium throughout our evolution. You trying to supplement your kids out of anger outbursts is in the best case just a waste of time and money and in the worst case you could harm your child. Every individual’s response to lithium orotate may vary, and its effects can differ based on factors such as medical history, current medications, and overall health status. Orotic acid is a carboxylic acid and a pyrimidinedione, that was first discovered in whey, a proteinaceous liquid component of milk, by researchers Biscaro and Belloni in 1905 (Loffler et al. † Jul 11, 2024 · Key Benefits of Lithium Orotate. Use a capsule form of lithium orotate or lithium citrate. ADHD typically starts in children but can last into adulthood Lithium Orotate is a natural substance that consists of lithium (an alkali metal) and orotic acid, a transport carrier for lithium that may help increase its bioavailability. Lithium may be used to promote a healthy balanced mood and behavior* Additionally, Lithium may help resist both the mental and physical effects of stress. It is an alkali metal in the same family as sodium, potassium and other elements. 8 Further, transgenic mice that overexpress GSK-3β have been shown to model manic behavior. 8-1. Unburdened by such symptoms, ASD patients may be able to better engage not only with their care providers but also their loved ones, opening the door to more Apr 13, 2022 · Most people have never heard of the idea of using low-dose lithium as a supplement — for any disorder, including ADHD. Jul 1, 2021 · 7 Lithium orotate: a superior lithium compound? 7. 1. Jul 1, 2016 · Buy KAL Lithium Orotate ActivMelt 5mg, Chelated Lithium for Optimal Absorption and Bioavailability, Healthy Mood Support, Natural Lemon Lime Flavor, Instant Dissolve Tablets, 90 Servings, 90 Micro Tablets on Amazon. However, in lower doses, as found in lithium orotate supplements, it has been suggested to offer similar benefits without the potential side effects associated with higher doses of prescription lithium. A relatively high side effect rate merits caution, and these resul … Oct 13, 2024 · What is Lithium Orotate? Comparison with Traditional Lithium Forms. Lithium supports the phosphoinositol pathway. Lithium Orotate; Nutritional Psychiatry for Anorexia; Nutritional Psychiatry for BPD; Supplement Protocols for Clinicians; Past Conferences. We’ll also go over the existing data about its safety and side-effects to give you an idea of what to expect from various lithium formulations on the market. Apr 5, 2021 · Even then, there have been no reported cases of death or serious side-effects with lithium orotate. Was a real eye opener. Lithium orotate has the ability to pull aluminum out of the tissues so that it can be removed from the body. See full list on naturalmentalhealth. 50-70% of patients have shown fair to good response with lithium use for depression Lithium Orotate with Sutherlandia (60 vegan capsules 350 mg each) An all-natural safe product containing no fillers, preservatives or additives - plus added benefits of immune-boosting Sutherlandia Benefits: * anti depressant * natural and safe * reduce addictive craving * help prevent brain damage * help with Alzheimers Within days most people notice improved mood,focus, motivation and Jan 29, 2020 · Some recent studies in rodents have suggested that lithium may help treat Alzheimer’s disease. Hans Nieper’s formulas that supports the following systems: Digestive System; Nervous System; Orotate is the salt of a crystalline acid called orotic acid which occurs in milk and is a growth factor for various microorganisms (as Lactobacillus bulgaricus) as well as a precursor of the pyrimidine bases of nucleotides. Although lithium appears on some lists of drugs contraindicated during breastfeeding,[1] most sources do not consider it an absolute contraindication in healthy-full-term infants, especially in infants over 2 months of age and during lithium monotherapy. LiOr is proposed to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter cells more readily than Li 2 CO 3 , which will theoretically allow for reduced dosage requirements and ameliorated toxicity concerns. Lithium orotate is an over-the-counter supplement that can be obtained online and in some health food stores. Wright, I began to prescribe the mineral in the form of lithium orotate or citrate, in low nutritional doses. com. Using lithium orotate in children is a delicate matter. You can expect to see a change in behaviour in 2-4 weeks of nutritional lithium treatment. The Untapped Potential of Low-Dose Lithium. The way lithium improves the symptoms of bipolar disorder is Lithium may be less effective than risperidone for treating chronic mixed/manic symptoms in young children but comparable to anticonvulsants. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed. Lithium orotate has the ability to potentially improve cognitive function, enhance mood, and increase bone strength. 9 Other research found that lithium treatment Low levels of lithium orotate. Lithium Orotate is a supplement that may offer benefits for those with ADHD, particularly in mood stabilization and cognitive enhancement. Introduction. The me I'm not proud of, the me I tried SO hard to control with willpower, with self Lithium and Longevity. Apr 23, 2024 · Lithium Orotate Benefits. For children of any age, please speak with a qualified healthcare professional who can determine an appropriate dose or whether this product is safe for them to take. Warnings. This alternative formulation may offer some of the benefits of lithium with potentially fewer side effects, although more research is needed to confirm Jun 28, 2024 · Lithium Orotate in Children. By affecting these chemicals, lithium helps to reduce severe mood fluctuations and returns your activity level to normal. Compassionate. Common names; Uses; Precautions; Watch for; Call doctor; What are other common names? Orotate de Lithium; What is this product used for? Some information from medical studies suggests that the use of lithium orotate may help with alcoholism or low mood that is a part Aug 4, 2024 · It’s worth noting that Lithium Orotate for ADHD: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Potential Benefits and Risks discusses a specific form of lithium that has gained attention in the ADHD community. Acute mania associated with bipolar I disorder. Jan 29, 2020 · Lithium Orotate 20mg (1 Bottle), 60 Vegetarian Capsules, Lithium Supplement Supports Healthy Mood, Behavior, Memory and Wellness $35. com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders Aug 28, 2024 · Vitamatic Lithium Orotate 5mg, 240 Capsules are vegetarian capsules that provide a highly bioavailable form of lithium. However, in comparison, risperidone was associated with higher weight gain and prolactin levels. How Lithium Orotate Works Jun 10, 2012 · KAL Lithium Orotate 5mg, Low Dose Lithium Supplement for Brain, Nervous System and Mood Support, Chelated and Highly Bioavailable, Vegan, Non-GMO, Organic Rice Extract Blend, 180 Servings, 180 VegCaps Supplement FactsServing Size: 1 VegCapAmount Per Serving % Daily Value*** Lithium (as lithium orotate)1000 mcg ***Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet Other Ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable cellulose (capsule). Lithium orotate has been associated with several potential benefits for mental health and overall well-being: 1. g. com In young children, a reasonable starting dose is 150mg nightly with a target blood level range of 0. There is a lack of evidence inform maintenance treatment in children who benefit from lithium. Seeking Health's Lithium Orotate provides an effective way to take advantage of the incredible benefits that lithium has been known for throughout history. Therefore, lithium orotate can be used in much lower doses (e. Cognitive Function Safety and efficacy of lithium in children and adolescents: A systematic review in bipolar illness Eur Psychiatry. My spouse and children saw the "real me". * Mar 5, 2018 · Lithium studies have shown improvement in irritability, anger, and aggression in children with ADHD. It can support brain function and emotional regulation, potentially decreasing the frequency and intensity of stimming behaviors. 7. But high-dose, pharmaceutical lithium had been approved by the FDA for “acute mania” and “recurrent” mania since at least the 1970s when it became the standard treatment for manic-depression. This review paper explored lithium orotate's history Lithium Orotate - 120 Mg; Lithium Orotate 10mg; Litio Battery; Litime Lithium Battery; Carbonate Lithium; Lithium Bateria; Lithium-chloride; Lithium-ion Batteries; Used Lithium Batteries; Ottolite; Ultimate Lithium; Ultimate Lithium Batteries Moreover, one study using lithium-7 MRS (rather than 1 H-proton MRS) demonstrated that children (n = 9) had lower brain-to-serum lithium ratios than adults (n = 18) (Moore et al. The safety and efficacy of lithium orotate in children and adolescents have not been well-established. Lithium orotate is a salt of orotic acid and lithium that is believed to have improved bioavailability compared to other forms of lithium. Horbaach's Lithium Orotate: Horbaach's Lithium Orotate delivers 130 mg (5mg of Elemental Lithium) of this Trace Mineral in Quick-Release capsules. [2-9] Numerous reports exist of infants who were Intelligent. Although lithium is highly effective in the treatment of manic depressive illness (X4 DI), its pharmaceutical (prescription) versions – lithium carbonate and lithium citrate – must be used with caution. * Packaging and labels may vary. Sep 30, 2024 · But lithium orotate might help keep your neural pathways clear and your cognitive functions humming along smoothly. Bipolar disorder is a severe condition, with many sufferers experiencing suicidal tendencies. Oct 13, 2024 · How Lithium Orotate May Help with Stimming. 2mEq/L. Last updated on Dec 6, 2024. Still titrating off of seroquel. If a person were to take one 5 MG tablet a week that would average to 0. Lithium orotate is a natural supplement that may help stabilize mood and reduce hyperactivity. Free standard shipping with $35 orders. Avoid lithium aspartate. This natural orotate form is chelated and highly bioavailable. Lithium can increase serotonin levels, thus, combining serotonergic drugs with lithium might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders. I took it for about two weeks straight, and it MAY have evened things out a bit. This type of lithium is attached to the natural compound orotic acid for optimal bioavailability and efficient absorption. The more extreme ends of my emotional state seem more controllable. This formulation of Lithium Orotate includes 10 mg of Jan 29, 2024 · An Overview of Bipolar Disorder and Lithium Use. B12 pooling can occur when there is not adequate transport. com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders Lithium Orotate 5mg 10mg | for Men Women Kids | Lithium Orotate clinically Studied Chelated High Biovalable | 3 Flavors Sugar Free Vegan Gummies 60 ct Strawberry, Lemon, Orange 60 Count (Pack of 1) So my bucket is full. As for my children i wouldn't even give them those children vitamin gummies they sell. Lithium has long had a starring role in standard medicine as a therapeutic option for bipolar disorder and as an adjunctive treatment for depression. ), which makes it look like a much, much higher dose, when 300mg lithium carbonate only has about 3X the lithium of 20mg lithium orotate. lithium have been shown in the research to impart other benefits, supporting the brain’s natural detoxification process, providing antioxidant support and promoting the natural balance of brain neurotransmitters. Lithium orotate (LiC 5 H 3 N 2 O 4; henceforth referred to as LiOr), a compound largely abandoned since the late 1970s, may represent such an alternative. And I take some clonodine once in awhile. In conclusion, while lithium orotate shows promise as a potential treatment for ADHD, it’s not a magic bullet. Sep 28, 2021 · Buy Lithium Orotate Gummies 5mg per Serving - Third Party Tested, Plant Based. In 2007, there was one reported case of toxicity from lithium orotate, in which a woman intentionally took enough lithium orotate to reach low-dose medication levels without medical supervision. Aug 4, 2024 · Research into the long-term effects of lithium orotate on brain health and development, particularly in children and adolescents with ADHD, is also crucial. Children weighing over 30 kg (66 lbs) should follow the recommended lithium dosages for adults. 7 MG per day and would lower the risk of AD. Jun 26, 2023 · The approved lithium dosages are for children who weigh between 20 kg (44 lbs) to 30 kg (66 lbs). Gluten Free, GMO Free, Soy Free, Dairy Free, Vegetarian, Vegan Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1 Capsule Amount Per Serving %DV Lithium (as lithium orotate) 5 mg * N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (free form) 200 mg * *Daily value (DV) not established Other Ingredients: Vegetarian capsule (cellulose, water), ascorbyl palmitate, hypoallergenic plant fiber Lithium Orotate is one of Dr. How should I give it? Lithium comes in liquid, tablet, and capsule form. So for children, I typically start with liquid lithium citrate and they can titrate it up from 500 micrograms — a quarter of a dropper, up until 2 mg. To my delight, low-dose nutritional lithium had dramatic effects on mood and behavior in many patients, young and old. Recent studies indicate that lithium may help support longevity. However, Dr. Jan 12, 2023 · This natural mineral, when administered at low, nutritional doses in the form of lithium orotate, can safely and reliably alleviate ASD-associated irritability, aggression, and agitation. A new study in rats adds to this evidence, showing that a microdose of the compound can halt the Are there any warnings or side effects when using Lithium Orotate? Updated 5 months ago. Children 7 years of age and older weighing 20 kg to 30 kg—600 mg to 1500 mg or 10 mL to 25 mL given in divided doses per day. Telomeres are the “endcaps” of our DNA strands that protect our delicate chromosomes—but they get shorter as time So, I read a book called "Safe, Wanted and Loved" by Patrick Dylan. Shop Lithium Orotate 5 mg 180 Tablets at Target. As a result, it is generally recommended that individuals under the age of 18 avoid using lithium orotate unless under the guidance of a healthcare provider who can assess the appropriateness of its use in specific cases. Unlike traditional forms like lithium carbonate and lithium citrate, lithium orotate is believed to deliver lithium more efficiently to the brain, potentially allowing for Oct 12, 2017 · He suggests talking to a doctor about taking 5 mg of lithium orotate a day. 2. It is available in drug stores and health food stores. Trace Mineral for Mood Support- Strawberry Flavored Lithium Supplements- 60 Count on Amazon. The recommended lithium dosage for acute mania in children is 600 mg to 1,500 mg per day. For children 13 and older, the starting dose doubles to 300mg with the same blood levels in mind. We highly prioritize quality sourcing through innovation. Lithium orotate is a compound combining lithium with orotic acid, often marketed as a dietary supplement. While aluminum’s role in Alzheimer’s disease is still unknown, many have speculated that aluminum toxicity is a factor in its development. A 2016 study exploring the link between lead exposure and hyperactivity and impulsivity in children found that these . At 5 mg per vegetarian capsule, this supplement is highly absorbable due its natural blend of alkali metal and orotic acid. It is intended for those interested in supporting neurological health. Feb 10, 2017 · Lithium was first used as a pharmacological agent in 1847 by Alfred Garrod, who prescribed the medication for “brain gout” (). Medical doctors have found servings of lithium orotate 80-90% lower than the orthodox Pharma-lithium serving for major depressive disorder, also known as clinical depression, unipolar depression, major depression, or unipolar disorder. It has also been known to be used to manage depression, mental health issues, and alcoholism. Medically reviewed by Drugs. Vital Nutrients offers low-dose lithium supplied as lithium orotate, a bioavailable salt. I raw dogged it for a while but earlier this year decided to try lithium orotate, Life Extension brand, 1mg. Lithium may be effective in some treatment-resistant disorders And there is the 2014 study that focused on an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with ADHD, disruptive behavior disorder, and mood disorder. 2018 Oct:54:85-97. udxyrx kvc ebd xibwui dtmapw rqfq spwwmp uwii gydp zwuc