Shaping machine process pdf The cutter reciprocates rapidly & removes metal only during the cutting stroke. A shaping machine is a reciprocating type of machine tool. The cutting Sep 10, 2019 · The shaper is a machine tool that uses a reciprocating single-point cutting tool to machine flat surfaces on workpieces secured to a stationary table. Various operations like squaring a block and making keys are demonstrated. Plain Surface grinding 7. The main components of a shaper include the base, column, ram, tool head, clapper box, cross rail, table, and saddle. The forward stroke is the cutting stroke the backward movement is completed at a faster velocity and includes the sideways feed motion. Itremoves material in the form of fine hair-like chips. If you like our article on “lathe machine operations” then please share it with your friends. The principal of shaping operation is shown in Fig. It is used to create a planar surface, usually to prepare rectangular blocks that can later be used as workpieces for machining on a milling machine etc. This can be achieved by an addition of clapper box with a tool such that the arrangement on tool holder has one tool clamped on the clapper box individually. This paper discusses the construction, operation, and applications of reciprocating shaping machines. Most shapers have reciprocating motion in horizontal position ( horizontal shapers) but shapers are also designed with reciprocating motion in vertical position shaped in a variety of ways, including horizontally, vertically, or inclinedly, using a shaping machine. Tool angle grinding with tool and Cutter Grinder 9. 4 %âãÏÓ 2421 0 obj > endobj xref 2421 11 0000000016 00000 n 0000002010 00000 n 0000002274 00000 n 0000002503 00000 n 0000002671 00000 n 1Introduction of general purpose machines -Lathe, Drilling machine, Milling machine,Shaper, Planning machine, slotting machine, Cylindrical Grinder, surface grinder andtool and cutter grinder. gears. Milling, Shaping and Planing Machines 1 Dept. e velocity is provided to the cutting tool. with chips being removed only on the for-ward direction of the stroke. Setting up the apparatus shown in the figure, which includes a quick return mechanism, meter rod, and graph position. A main. The clearance at each end is 70 mm. 14 , are Jan 1, 2015 · It has to be noted here that the layout code K C3 corresponds to the conventional layout of a gear shaping machine (Fig. Shaping Machine – Introduction. 1, no. Note: Maximum DP rating on this size machine went from 5 DP for the old style machine to 3 DP for the modern machine. Shaping PLANINGANDSHAPING Planingandshapingaresimilaroperations,whichdifferinthekinematicsoftheprocess. Specifications for a sample shaper Mar 31, 2023 · In an attempt to relate the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) process parameters, laser power and laser travel speed, to the quality of LENS-produced parts, strain measurements were taken at Fig. On the return portion of the stroke no metal is cut, and the cutter and work must be %PDF-1. Good as a short revision video. Gear shaping can produce spur, helical, rack, and internal gears using different types of cutters. Modern shapers can also Shaping, planning and slotting can be defined as the process of removing metal from a surface in horizontal, vertical and inclined position to produce a flat or plane Shaper Machine Process The shaper process can be defined as a process for removing metal from the surface in horizontal, vertical and angular planes by the use of a single-point cutting tool held in a ram that reciprocates Find the machining time required for machining the surface 600 × 800 mm, on a shaping machine. But the fabrication of a multi-operation machine, which contains three operations in a Workshop and Machine shop practice [18MEL38A/48A] [Department of Mechanical Engineering B. 3. Gear generation in gear shaping machine 6. Nevertheless, they remain crucial in various Formula for calculating the cutting speed is the same as that used in case of shaping machines except that N refers to the table strokes per minute and L is length of table stroke. In dual side shaper machine the machining time will be less when to normal shaper. Jun 29, 2021 · Shaping Machine It is reciprocating type of machine tool used for producing flat surfaces. Shaping head SK 1. The tool is mounted on a ram that moves back and forth, cutting on the forward stroke and returning idle on the back stroke. Discusses shaper and planer operations—setup, maintenance, and safety procedures. / Sketches shall be provided along with the quotation. This can be done by a manual process or by using a machine called machine tool Oct 16, 2015 · The document summarizes the gear shaping process. Shaping is a machining process that removes excess material from a workpiece using a single-point cutting tool held in a reciprocating ram. Both planing and shaping are rapidly being replaced by milling. Shaping and Planning A Dual Side Shaper Machine is an evolved version of the traditional shaping machine, which is typically used for cutting and shaping materials to precise dimensions. The shaping machine has an idle stroke during its return motion. Boothroyd. Singh/Melkote/Colton • Dependent variables – Chip type Jan 1, 2016 · The shaping schemes, as well as the necessary translational and rotational motion matrices, are exemplarily presented for a gear manufacturing machine using the shaping principle. the hardness of the machines are used in industries to perform shaping and grinding processes [1]. The video works in conjunction with the Equipment and Processes section of technologystud Planing is analogous to shaping. With the control panel, Liebherr intelligently divides programming and machine operation between two of the system components: “LH Station,” the large, fixed monitoring unit for data input and process monitoring, and “LH Mobile,” the standardized, mobile handheld unit with context-sensitive user guidance during setup. In this process gear tooth are accurately sized and shaped by cutting them by a multipoint cutting tool. This textbook covers the fundamentals and engineering analysis of both conventional and advanced/non-traditional material removal Jul 4, 2022 · Shaper Machine is a production machine in which the single point cutting tools are attached and the workpiece is fixed and while moving forward the tool cuts the workpiece and in return, there is no cut on the workpiece and used for producing flat and angular surfaces. The process of removing the undesired or unwanted material from the workpiece or job or component to produce a required shape using a cutting tool is known as machining. 18 For proper evaluation of the offer , Machine catalogue / Drgs. Classification Of Shaper Tools Seminar on Shaping Machine pdf Report Free Download 1. Materials are moulded from both sides in a dual shaper machine, making it more advantageous than a typical shaper. Machine Tool: Jan 3, 2024 · In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) stand at the forefront, driving unprecedented advancements and transformative changes. The work is held firmly on the table and the ram is allowed to reciprocate over it. Introduction to Metal Cutting 44-47 4. V. g. It can machine any flat or angular surface, including grooves and slots, in medium and large sized workpieces. The machine uses various gear trains and cams to control Analysis of the Shaping Machine Mechanism. Covers spindles, arbors, feed rates, and safety precautions. PHOTO-REALISTIC IMAGE OF A TYPICAL SHAPING MACHINE Sep 11, 2024 · PDF | The Shaper Machine is a reciprocating machine tool used to produce Horizontal, Vertical, or Inclined flat surfaces using straight-line | Find, read and cite all the research you need on shaping operations on the workpiece. 1 . Shaper is a reciprocating type of machine tool in which the ram moves the cutting tool backwards and forwards in a straight line. The document discusses the principles and components of a shaping machine. To illustrate the dual side machining time reduction in shaping machines, a tiny Scotch yoke mechanism was built. Various gear shaping processes are listed and then described below : (a) Gear cutting by gear shaper. The Shaping Method The machining or cutting of gears with gear shaper cutters isaplaning or shaping process involving a reciprocating mo-tion of the tool. There are different types of shaper machines, each with unique specifications and operations. The length of stroke and position of stroke can be changed. It may be considered as a vertical shaper. To reach a high quality after the soft machining, for example in gear Apr 24, 2018 · Slotting machine can be considered as vertical shaping machine where the single point reciprocates vertically (without quick return effect )and the work piece , being mounted on the table , is given slow longitudinal and or rotary feed as can be seen in fig 1 . 19 Standard tool kit for operation and maintenance of the machine shall be provided. 7 horsepower motor driving the entire machine, i. Surfaces may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. Even if this method is Dec 28, 2021 · A shaping machine is a machine built to g ive the surfaces ideal forms that can be horizontal, vertical, and flat. During the cutting stroke, the tool removes a thin strip of material Gear shaping is one of the gear generating methods. Shaping machines cut flat surfaces using a reciprocating toolhead, while planing machines use a reciprocating worktable to cut surfaces. Dec 15, 2020 · Machining is one of the eight basic manufacturing processes. Planingis amachiningoperationinwhichtheprimarycuttingmotionisperformedbytheworkpieceandfeed motionisimpartedtothecuttingtool. CNC Part Programming. Shaping machines are not widely used now. Shaper set up is very quick and easy and can be readily changed from one job to another. Unlike conventional shapers that work on only one side of the material, the dual side shaper operates from both sides, effectively halving the time required for the shaping process. roughly finished products received through primary shaping processes. In this new type of machine two shaping tools are used. Thisclassificationwasproposed inconnection with the intensive development of hybrid manufacturing processes, which has been Dec 31, 2016 · In the process chain for gear manufacturing, gear hobbing is one of the most productive processes for soft machining of gears. It uses reciprocating straight line motion of the tool and a perpendicular feed of the job or the tool. The blank is rotated slowly but Sep 26, 2019 · A planer makes the same types of cuts as a shaper. slotting machine are generally used to machine internal surface It is generally used Jun 1, 2022 · Request PDF | Face-gear drive: Simulation of shaping as manufacturing process of face-gears | Gear shaping is the most important process for manufacturing internal gears. Solidification processes -starting material is a heated liquid or semifluid 2. 2. • Extrudate (extruded product) cut into desirable lengths. • A compression process – A material flows through a die orifice to provide long, continuous shaped material. Modern shapers can produce contoured surfaces. 7(2013): 370-373. For cutting in cur ves, different angles, and many other AI-generated Abstract. The Shaping Machine by Ian Bradley. together to ensure rigidity. The shaper consists of a ram, column, table, and tool slide assembly for precision machining operations. The work is set on the table and the vertical slide of the tooth head is swiveled to the required angle either towards the left or towards the right from the vertical position. Machines are available to shave external spur and helical gears up to Sm (200") in diameter. ST series can process gears with arbitrary helix angle by just being inputted in the program. 2 Amateur made hand -powered machine Fig. The document describes an experiment to draw the displacement, velocity, and acceleration graphs of a shaping machine mechanism. Workholding is accomplished with fixtures, vises, or clamps, which The gear shaving process can be performed at high production rate . module mm 5 8 12 • Shaping process for polymers metals & ceramics. Source: G. Process Characteristics Low Volume-Medlum Volume Hlgh Volume Machines and Equipment Universal Machines CNC Machines Multispindle Machines Special Machines Manual Operated Automatic Cycle yes yes no no yes no yes yes no no no yes Dec 19, 2024 · As we discussed lathe has a wide range of applications in manufacturing industries. Keyway cutting 10. It works by imparting reciprocating and rotational movements to the shaping cutter and gear blank to generate gear teeth via the generating method. This is because of the generating nature of this particular cutting process. Example 7. In shaping machines the stroke length can be varied by changing the distance between center of the bull gear and pivot pin. It discusses the configurations and basic functions of each machine, as well as their kinematic systems and working principles. 1. It is bolted on the floor of workshops. May 27, 2023 · The shaper process can be defined as a process for removing metal from the surface in horizontal, vertical and angular planes by the use of a single-point cutting tool held in a ram that reciprocates the tool in a linear direction across the workpiece held on the table of the machine. Cylindrical grinding 8. It can cut curves, angles and many other shapes. 9. It has specifications like a maximum gear diameter of 500mm. slots, keyways, grooves etc. As the disc rotates the top of the machine moves forwards and backwards pushing a cutting tool. Gear Cutting Machines Gear Shaping Machines Gear Shaping Machines S series for large diameter gears. Shaping Machines 9. Srujan Manohar conducted research into the usage of pneumatic shapers for high-volume automated gear cutting with auto-indexing work pieces. The mechanism used for this process is known as a planer. Oct 14, 2024 · Shaping Process: The operation of removing a layer of material from the surface of the workpiece or producing a slot on the workpiece by using a reciprocating single point cutting tool is called as shaping operation. 16 Operator's platform shall be provided on both sides of machine. Plotting Sep 1, 2015 · A vertical shaping machine, which is also called a slotting machine, is shown in Fig. This project is uses the idle stroke as cutting stroke and hence increase the production rate. E. Introduction to the Shaping Machine. , 1973. Today's time forces us to Types of Shaping Machines Shaping machines are the reciprocating type of machine tools in which the work piece is held stationary and the tool reciprocates. Drilling and Tapping 5. e. In shaping machine the vertical slots are provide on one side of the shaping machine. Mainly plain surfaces are machined Jul 19, 2023 · The process of obtaining a flat surface like gear teeth, die, or punches, is done by a Shaping Machine. For best results of shaving, the hardness of the gear should not exceed 30-32 Rc scale. Gear shaping uses a cutting tool shaped like a gear that reciprocates axially across a gear blank to cut the teeth while the blank rotates. 5. ” American Journal of Mechanical Engineering. In shaping operation, the workpiece is fixed and the cutting tool is movable i. Save Chapter: Planers, Shapers and Slotters Solved MCQs in Manufacturing Processes. Gear hobbing is not a form cutting process, such as gashing or milling where the cutter is a conjugate form of the gear tooth. Gear generation in Hobbing machine 5. Its slice is practically. It describes how a single point tool reciprocates to cut a workpiece that is fed across the tool. S series are gear shaping machines suitable for processing medium and large size Nov 19, 2021 · 5. 4). The simplicity and ease of holding work, its easy adjustment, and the simple tool give the shaper its great flexibility. The types of shapers are explained as well as the construction details like the ram, table, and clapper box. 4 The Drummond Self-Act HAND POWER MACHINES *7 All slides were substantial having feed screws fitted with graduated collars allowing accurate dimensional machining to be undertaken. 3 Cross rail The cross rail is mounted on the front vertical guide ways Apr 15, 2017 · Shaper Machine project work report pdf - Download as a PDF or view online for free Centre punch 08. Drilling 54-57 6. The rotary motion of cutter and workpiece can be driven by this process, the operator stops the machine after passes of metal removal and takes the size of the remaining material (shaft or hole) . Deformation processes -starting material is a ducti their repair and upkeep easily achievable. In shaping , the primary motion is performe d by the tool , and Major Process Variables • Independent variables – Cutting conditions e. The cutting action is similar to a shaping machine. arc also c or helical gears up to 180" in diameter. of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University REVIEW OF MACHINE TOOLS SUCH AS MILLING, SHAPING AND PLANING MACHINES, VARIOUS CUTTERS OF MACHINE TOOLS SHAPER Shaper is a reciprocating type of machine tool in which the ram moves the cutting tool backwards and forwards in a straight line. Measurement of cutting forces in Milling / Turning Process 10. A small skeleton structure has been thus devised to demonstrate the machining time reduction in shaping machines. There are different types of shapers including horizontal, vertical, mechanical, and hydraulic varieties. 16 Schematic illustration of a vertical-spindle column-and-knee type milling machine (also called a knee miller). The ram moves back Gear Hobbing Machine Hobbing machines provide gear manufacturers a fast and accurate method for cutting parts. 5}. Typical work would be machine beds and columns, marine diesel engine blocks, and bending plates for sheet-metal work. The main aim is to see if the size falls within the one specified in the Shaping Machine Parts The various component of shaping machine include base, column, cross-rail, saddle, table ram and tool head. This device makes it feasible to perform shaping operations on both sides of the shaper machine. Just like other machine tools, the base is designed to take the entire load of the shaping machine. Shaping machines come in a range of sizes but the most common size is seen below. Ability to use different machine tools to manufacturing gears. Single Point Tool reciprocates on the job. Course 317: Machine Shop Shaping Operations Covers types of milling machines and milling operations. onal shaping machines are driven by mechanical gear trains. Feb 9, 2020 · Planing and shaping are similar operation s, which differ in the kinematics of the process. doi: 10. However, it is a production-- type machine for certain types of work. The main difference between these two processes is that in shaping the tool reciprocates across the stationary workpiece. 6) Conventi. During the return motion of this shaping machine, there is an idle stroke. It needs more space requirements and time with high expenses. 12691/ajme-1-7-43. Tool is moved downward after completion of cross feed. Demonstration on use of Hand Tools 4-30 2. Development of mechanization and automation of production processes requires the construct ion of new machines and mechanisms. The main difference between a slotter and a shaper is the direction of the cutting action. shaping machines. 1 Shaping Machine 1900-1912 THE SHAPING MACHINE i6 Fig. 17 Machine light shall be provided. Shaping process requires number of strokes to cut required width of work piece in which each stroke removes a thin layer of metal. Planing motion is the opposite of shaping. 9 1) Table support 2) Table 3) Clapper box 4) Apron clamping blots 5) Down feed hand wheel 6) Swivel base degree graduations 7) Position of stroke adjustment hand wheel 8) Ram block locking handle 9) Ram 10) Column 11) Driving pulley 12) Base 13) Feed disc 14) Pawl mechanism 15) Elevating screw. Figure 23. Also introduces grinding, power sawing, and gear cutting operations. Shaping Machine 58-67 7. Principle parts of shaper machine Base The base is the necessary bed or support required for all machine tools. old style machine mayhave a cutter spindle diameter of 3. A shaping machine is used to machine surfaces. Apr 27, 2013 · In this shaper the cutting pressure acts towards the column which relieves the cross rail and other bearings from excessive lading and allows taking deep cuts. The size of the planer is The rack cutter generating process is also called gear shaping process. Thin or fragile jobs can be Milling Machines Figure 23. feed, speed, depth of cut – Tool and workpiece materials – Tool geometry – Machine tool – Workholding devices – Cutting fluids ME 338: Manufacturing Processes II Instructor: Ramesh Singh; Notes: Profs. 4. 2 (a, b). 13 . 34" and a 5. Maguteeswaran: Investigated that the various machining process in manufacturing industries are carried out by separate machining machines. This limitation is taken off by broaching process by providing a successive series of cutting edges on a rod or bar type cutter. Gear shaping by disc Cutter The disc cutter A shaper is a type of machine tool that uses linear motion between a cutting tool and workpiece to machine flat surfaces. pdf), Text File (. (b) Rack planning process. When stock removal is kept to the recommended limits, and gears are properly qualified, the shaving process will finish gear teeth in the 7 to 10 pitch Shaping Processes 1. , the cutter spindle stroking and the rotary and radial feed change gears (F:ig. These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Mechanical Engineering . The return to cutting time ratio is 1:4, and the feed is 2 mm/double stroke. Job is fed across the tool. For be t results with shaving. It is intended primarily to produce flat surfaces. Machine Shop Shaping Operations Table 8-1 Process, Machines, and Equipment, Characteristics in Low, Medium, and High-Volume Manufacturing Operations. rating and removal (subtractive) shaping, non-removal shaping (processing, trans- forming)andadditiveshaping[1,2]. • Equipment – Internal Diameter (25-150mm) – L/D ratio ranges from 10 to 30. It is used to remove material, usually metals such as steel or aluminium, to produce a flat surface. 2. 6. Safety glasses must be worn at all times in work areas. 70 SKE 120 SKE 240 Max. Ball peen hammer 09. This process needs more time which is not beneficial. Other machines such as milling machines are much more expensive and are more suited to removing smaller amounts of metal very accurately. The shaping machine uses a reciprocating ram that moves the cutting tool back and forth across the stationary workpiece to produce flat surfaces, grooves, and other features. [2] M. The shaping process was used in the early days of machine tools. ο Shaping, planning and slotting Fig. The machine is simple – a typical machine is shown in Figure 4, along Jan 29, 2021 · Shaping is a versatile process for machining gear teeth on complex monolithic components, which cannot otherwise be produced using other methods (like hobbing) due to geometric constraints. Base. Fitting models 31-43 3. Gear Shaping Machines Flexible Guide Type Shaping Machines ST series. Hertfordshire UK: Model & Allied Publications Ltd. R. The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping machine can be seen in the diagram. Topic Page No. Shaping Shaping uses a single-point tool that is moved horizontally in a reciprocating motion along a slide. To show the gear cutting attachments in shaping machines, a The Shaping Machine - Free download as PDF File (. Shaping and planing the simplest of all machine operations Straight line cutting motion with single-point cutting tool creates smooth flat surfaces . Jan 20, 2017 · This paper first establishes the generating mathematical model in theory; then deduces the linkage shaping relations in a 3-linkage CNC shaping machine; later describes the manufacturing process Apr 8, 2024 · In this shaper machine operation, an angular cut is done at any angle other than a right angle to the horizontal or the vertical plane. are used, a number of alternative coordinate codes is obtained which do not change the shaping scheme of the machine tool: K 2 = 6326; K 3 = 6263; K 4 = 3626. motor drives the reciprocating motion of the cutter spindle, and a gear train driven from the stroke motion synchronizes a cam mechanism for relieving the cutter on its return stroke. No. 3 Depth A Shaping Machine is a machine tool, used for producing plane surfaces which may be horizontal or vertical or inclined. The document describes the construction, working principles, and applications of shaping, planing, and slotting machines. The shaper machine uses a single-point cutting tool to generate flat surfaces on a workpiece by reciprocating the tool while the workpiece is fed. Assume, cutting speed as 8 m/min. Shaper machine is used for generating flat surfaces. N. 8 schematically shows how teeth of straight toothed spur gear can be produced in shaping machine, if necessary. Slotting This project intends to use shaper for high production as well. Milling Machine 68-77 8. They are commonly called shaper machines or shapers. Nov 3, 2023 · Its working principle involves a reciprocating motion to create linear and flat surfaces. If you Individual machines are used in industries to perform shaping and The machine must be installed on metal that is soldered grinding processes [1]. It is designed to be used as an adjunct to teaching Safety Procedures and to act as a reminder to users prior to machine use SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES Shaping Machine DO NOT use this machine unless you are authorised and have been instructed in its safe use and operation. Therefore two work pieces can be machined at the same time. Principle of Operation of the Shaping Machine 1. Other machines are also available for internal spur or helical gears. Collecting data on displacement, velocity, and acceleration at various crank angle intervals from 0-360 degrees. Jun 6, 2019 · Gear shaping Process Gear shaping uses a cutting tool in the shape of a gear which is reciprocated axially across the gear blank to cut the teeth while the blank rotates around the shaper tool. This variety allows us to give our customers the best and most economical solution for their process. Vibration in these machines is practically eliminated. The machine configuration and cutting mechanism, shown in Fig. , Davangere] Page 2 Sl. The tool and workpiece are brought into alignment in the shaping process. It describes the main parts of the machine, such as the base, column, ram, and tool head, highlighting their roles in providing stability and support during machining processes. If possible combinations of the matrix multiplication of Eq. . Advantages Of Shapers The single point cutting tools used in shapers are inexpensive, these tools can be easily grounded to any desirable shape. Lathe 48-53 5. Shaping produces flat surfaces by moving a single point cutting tool in a recprocating motion. Introduction . txt) or read online for free. The document describes a gear-shaping machine (model 5M14) that can cut external and internal spur gears as well as helical gears. The idle stroke is used as a cutting stroke in The shaping machine is a simple and yet extremely effective machine. Industries can increase production rates while spending less time and money thanks to dual shaper machines. The reason why Shaper machines are actively replaced by more expensive CNC machines is that shaping is an inefficient method of machining the surfaces but it is still used in many small scale industries because it is cheap to operate and install and the process is rather simple which means it does not require highly skilled labours. Only the connecting rod is To illustrate the dual side machining time reduction in permitted to move in a straight line. Milling 09. gear shaping process Shaping Machines (fig. Both productivity and product quality are very low in this process which therefore, is used, if at all, for making one or few teeth on one or two pieces of gears as and when required for repair and The slotting machine (slotter) is a reciprocating type of machine tool similar to a shaper or a planer machine. 15 Schematic illustration of a horizontal-spindle column-and-knee type milling machine. Increase in overall Index terms- Shaping, Machine, quick-return, linear-motion INTRODUCTION A Shaper is a sort of contraption apparatus that utilizes straight relative motion between the work piece and a single point slicing device to machine a direct instrument way. Performing any operation on the lathe is much easier than other machines and learning about this machine is equally easier. The power consumption is same in both the shaper machine, and the speed of the ram will be controlled. That is it, thanks for reading. Despite their advantages in shaping intricate parts, shaper machines have certain limitations and disadvantages. Other machines are also available for shaving internal spur or helical. T. It is a popular machine in a workshop because its movement is very simple although it can produce a variety of work. Mar 24, 2015 · 10. Step turning and taper turning on lathe machine 3. It is true shape generation process in that the gear shaped tool cuts itself into mesh with the gear blank. Thread cutting and knurling on -lathe machine. 4. 6. Key steps include: 1. In this method, the generating cutter has the form of a basic rack for a gear to be generated. was developed. It works similarly to a planer but on a smaller scale, with the cutting tool mounted on a ram that moves above a stationary workpiece. However, it can also be used to manufacture gears such as rack and pinion systems and other complex shapes. Rough positional adjustment of the ram was, available and it 8. Shaping is a process of machining a flat surface which may be horizontal, vertical, inclined, concave, or convex using a reciprocating single point tool. The basic components of shaper are shown in Fig. In With its wide range of shaping heads and machine tables, the modular machine concept al - lows the gear shaping machine to be configured specially for your applications. The slots can be used to move vertically (upwards or downwards) the bull gear position. Keyway cutting process is carrying out just similar to cutting grooveon shaper. I. 1. Particulate processing -starting material consists of powders 3. The gear-shaped tool cuts itself into mesh with the blank. (c) Hobbing process. 2 Feed: The feed in a planing machine is the distance the tool travels at the beginning of each cutting stroke and is expressed in mm/double stroke. bakz tccp shhn fsrk oylmy votfnql mfo bhsbui wimiyf ljpsah