Supply demand zones indicator. mq4” indicator for MT4.
Supply demand zones indicator. Sometimes the supply box becomes demand.
Supply demand zones indicator There are two primary approaches to trading demand and supply zones: Place stop buy/sell orders at or around the zone to enter on a reversal and exit on a break of the zone extreme; Look for confirming price rejection signals like bullish/bearish engulfing patterns to take entries at the zones using invalidation stops. This indicator looks for all patterns , Rally-Base-Rally and Drop-Base-Rally mark the zone as "DZ". It makes sense to buy at a demand zone and to sell at a supply zone, but keep in mind that fresh zones are more effective than retested ones. Step 3. I Supply Demand Zones Indicator draws these zones in the best way on an mt4 chart. With this zone indicator, traders can easily and quickly identify the best trading opportunities. Attached are some examples. The concept of Supply and Demand comes from its original use on the Commodities exchange. These include: Oct 20, 2024 · Nice work! I'm curious to hear from anyone using this timeframes, Benchmarks etc. Mar 19, 2024 · Demand & Supply Zones This indicator helps to identify large moves driven by institutions. With the Supply Demand Edge indicator coded and applied to your charts, you’ll be able to identify potential trading opportunities based on divergences between price action and the A/D line and NYSE TICK. This Indicator will detect all the previouszones which have formed so far. Traders who use supply and demand usually use the indicator for range trading if the zones are well established, they can incorporate the use of a stochastic indicator or a Relative Strength Indicator to assist in identifying overbought and oversold conditions. The threshold which by default is set How to trade using Supply and Demand zone indicator. First, you need to make sure that the zone is truly a supply or demand zone. May 28, 2024 · This new indicator renders Supply and Demand zones based on momentum candles. Features of the new Supply and Demand (MTF) Indicator: Renders Supply and Jan 4, 2025 · How to use the Supply and Demand Zones Indicator for MT4. This great tool automatically draws supply and demand zones, the best places for opening and closing positions. Jan 31, 2023 · Demand and Supply Zones Trading is the Art of identifying High probability Supply and Demand Patterns created by Big Institutions and the Smart Money. Several technical concepts can help you better identify pertinent supply and demand zones when you are forex trading. . ️ You'll also get timely alerts. But here's the problem: It was extremely difficult and time-consuming to MANUALLY draw accurate supply demand zones. These areas, known as supply and demand zones, are characterized by a high level of buying or selling activity and are often used as key levels of support and resistance. the envelopes the 2 I rely on most are the 4-hour and day, the weekly is there to give a very long-term view and the current I use to Oct 4, 2024 · This is a complete guide for beginners on how supply and demand zones work in trading. Used basic concept of supply and Demand zone on the char to write this script. Apr 26, 2024 · The best way to find a supply and demand zone. Understanding the Indicator The Supply and Demand Zones MT4 indicator visually marks these critical areas on the chart. Jan 8, 2025 · The Supply & Demand Zone Analyzer is a powerful indicator designed to dynamically detect these critical areas while offering insights into potential breakouts Late by 20 hours. Jul 1, 2024 · Below is a detailed explanation of each feature, its purpose, how to use it, and how it differs from other indicators. Indicator Example Chart (EUR/USD H1) The example chart below displays the Supply & Demand Zones mt4 indicator in action on the trading chart. Same goes for above 70. The script features brightened colors for clear visibility and provides real-time alerts for price entry into these zones. The Demand & Supply zones can be marked automatically. These zones are formed when price consolidates into a range (or base), and then quickly breaks out of that range. From experience, I’ve found this indicator works best when paired together with other Sep 1, 2020 · Recently added to the NinjaTrader Ecosystem’s trading apps & services, T2SSupplyDemand is an indicator used to enter high-probability trades. On the other hand, demand zones are areas where buy orders are concentrated, suggesting potential price bounces. When analyzing charts, I favor three primary Supply and Demand zones. Jun 14, 2024 · This algorithm analyzes the market structure in real-time and maps out key supply and demand zones for you. Aug 15, 2023 · Understanding the Supply and Demand Zones MT4 Indicator. These zones are commonly known as areas where there are lots of buyers/sellers present in the market. There are several types of zones: weak: important high and low points in trend Mar 19, 2024 · Demand & Supply Zones This indicator helps to identify large moves driven by institutions. 0. If the price touches a supply zone during a bearish trend, initiate a short trade. 8% is good for Crypto and Forex might be better with 0. Oct 25, 2024 · Automated Zone Identification: The Indicator employs advanced algorithms to automatically detect and plot key supply and demand zones on the price chart. This TradeStation indicator automatically identifies these zones and draws them on your chart. These zones are crucial for traders to place their trades based on the likelihood of price reversals or continuations. Check volume. Identify key supply and demand zones effortlessly and improve your trading precision. Second, you need to make sure that the price isn't too Nov 17, 2024 · Summary of the Code: Dynamic Supply & Demand Zones This Pine Script creates dynamic supply (resistance) and demand (support) zones on a chart by identifying the highest and lowest prices over a user-defined lookback period. You can do this by looking at the volume of trades in that area. SC is incredible and rolling out indicators so I'm sure you all would be interested. I trade only the 1-hour and 4-hour charts. The Flux Charts Multi-Timeframe Supply and Demand Zones (MTF S&D Zones) Indicator automatically locates and displays supply and demand zones that have formed across multiple timeframes in a single chart. Dec 26, 2024 · When learning about supply and demand zones, you want to know what supply zones are. You can also set-up alerts to get notified when a supply or demand zone is being retested, or is broken. Method to detect the zones: 1. It has many advanced features such as multi timeframe zones support, displaying the width of zones, alert notifications for retouched zones, and much more. Be notified in real time by email, text message or your favorite sound when price is about to enter key support or resistance zones. This is a Price action trading strategy that identifies institutional footprints. Use these supply demand zones as BOTH entries and exits. g. But yes it still matters good rule of thumb, if it respects 2 or 3 times than its significant. I like using supply and demand around key support and resistance to the opposite side when I am right it’s nice and it’s easy to see when I’m wrong. Aug 4, 2022 · These zones are automatically colored as supply or demand based on price action. 17 hours ago · TradingView India. Chart patterns supply_and_demand Open-source script Feb 1, 2023 · Intro to Supply and Demand Zone Technical Analysis Supply and demand is an increasingly common strategy among day and swing traders in equity, forex, and the futures markets. Dec 19, 2023 · Discover the power of the Supply and Demand Zones Indicator for MT4 in forex trading. Nov 6, 2024 · The chart illustrates that when the supply of a market asset (line S-Supply) stayed the same, but demand (line D-Demand) increased (shifting from D1 to D2), the asset’s price rose (from Price1 to Price2) alongside a rise in trading volume (from Q1 to Q2). it might be help us easily mark up supply and demand zone. Sep 27, 2024 · Introducing the Dynamic Supply and Demand Zones by AlgoAlpha. It's capable of combining zones, retest & break labels and it's customizable with invalidation and style settings. This TradingView supply demand zone indicator also eliminates the need for manual chart analysis, making it easier and faster to identify potential trading opportunities. It allows customization of parameters, such as the minimum number of bars required to identify a supply or demand zone, as well as the ability to adjust the sensitivity of the indicator. Supply Demand by WowTradingInfo This indicator identifies supply and demand zones based on price action, which is a crucial concept for technical analysis. The whole purpose Jun 20, 2022 · The are 2 differences the Tl indicators are bought indicators but I have substituted a free version of the Tl trendline indicator and the supply and demand indicator. Nov 20, 2023 · The Demand and Supply Zone indicator helps to identify the valid demand and supply zones by removing the played out zones. Let's take a look at these… Nov 23, 2024 · Entry Points: Wait for price interaction with a supply or demand zone: If the price touches a demand zone during a bullish trend, initiate a long trade. When the suppliers of pork bellies were scarce, it drove up demand and thus the commodity prices. Apr 11, 2019 · This is a great idea. It uses price action, volume, and historical data to plot these zones on your chart, providing valuable insights for trading decisions. And it displays all these zones beautifully on your chart. Utilizing TradingView charts, the indicator plots supply and demand zones in Feb 25, 2024 · Supply and Demand Zone Indicator in forex is a technical analysis tool used by traders to identify areas where the price of a currency pair may potentially reverse direction. Supply and Demand Zones. Supply and Demand Indicator Conventional Indicators (e. This TOS indicator automatically identifies these zones and draws them on your chart. It would be very awesome to have a supply and demand zone type indicator. Until now… Introducing: Supply Demand Pro for Ninjatrader indicator. Supply and Demand Zones are areas where there is likely an imbalance between buyers and sellers. With stocks, this translates to Volume: demand is represented by buyers, while supply is represented by sellers. But here’s the problem: It was extremely difficult and time-consuming to MANUALLY draw accurate supply demand zones. Get timely alerts and suggested stop loss and take profit. Key Features Supply and Demand Zones: Purpose: Identify key price levels where buying (demand) or selling (supply) pressure has historically been strong. To give you an idea of how to use supply and demand zones in your strategy, we prepare a checklist for you for your trades. These zones are very simple to use. If you are scalper, day trader or swing trader, the Supply Demand Indicator is for you. Draw Zones, not lines. Setting Up the Indicator 1. Risk Management: The strategy exits trades if the price moves against the trend (crosses the EMA). Notice how that fresh supply zone isn't a support or resistance level? Sometimes supply/demand zones line up perfectly with support and resistance levels/zones, but not every time. When price reaches these zone, you can look for your favorite setup or Price Action setup for entry signal. The zone also shows whether the prices are increasing, decreasing, or staying the same. And suggested stop loss and take profit, so you can rest assured that your trades always have an optimal reward-to-risk ratio. The user gets an instant understanding of the short-term market structure. I throw those at the market to help me understand and see specific ranges , zones, prices whatever for the long term. WILDERS; def ATR = MovingAverage(averageType, TrueRange(high, close, low), length); # User Inputs input n = 21; #hint n: periods used for pivot calculations. May 21, 2023 · Please assist. mq4” indicator for MT4. A new supply and demand indicator on TradingView is explained in this video, which perfectly draws supply and demand zones on the chart, and it can be effect Top Advanced Supply and Demand Zones Indicator with Free Download - Best Collection of New MT4 Indicators, Forex Systems & EAs for MetaTrader 4 & 5. The Buy and Sell zones are highlighted for you. Supply zones are price levels where there is an abundance of sell orders, causing price to potentially reverse or stall. Each zone is rated with a score based on our own algorithm that rates a supply or demand zone based on various criteria. Best Practices for Trading: - Combine with Other Indicators: While supply and demand zones are powerful on their own, combining this indicator with other tools like moving averages, volume analysis, or momentum indicators can provide further Sep 24, 2024 · The Supply and Demand indicator is based on fractals and ATR indicator to find and draw support resistance zones on the price chart. Supply and Demand zones are becoming very important and popular. It simplifies market analysis by highlighting key price levels where buying and selling pressures create potential reversal or continuation opportunities. Mar 27, 2024 · The indicator displays supply and demand zones for all timeframes. , RSI value below 30) Focus: Actual market dynamics (demand vs. Dec 16, 2023 · Basic supply demand indicator is a powerful tool designed to enhance your market analysis and help you identify key areas of opportunity on any chart. Sep 9, 2022 · When you're trading with supply and demand zones, there are a few things to remember. It visualizes these zones with shaded regions and horizontal lines that dynamically adjust to price movements. Jul 16, 2022 · Definition of Supply & Demand Zones. You can use this indicator in various ways, however the best possible way I would recommend you to use it is to combine it with price action. As I understand it was designed for crypto but adaptable. The supply zone is essentially an area above the current price, and it’s also an area that holds a strong selling interest. To identify supply and demand zones in trading: Step 1. When demand zones overlap, they are merged, showing zones with support across multiple time zones. You can add the indicator multiple times on a chart and select different time frames for the supply-demand zone. Dec 19, 2022 · This indicator highlights supply and demand zones. It can detect Supply and Demand zones across up to 3 diferent timeframes. Jan 10, 2025 · Supply and demand zones are areas on a price chart where significant buying or selling activity has occurred, often leading to price reversals. Commonly I manually draw a box for supply and demand but an automated option would be a big time saver while trading. You can change the strength and number of zones shown So, supply demand zones are obviously great for reversal trading (which offers an amazing reward:risk ratio). A good example of this, recently, is aapl. The goal of analyzing supply and demand zones is to pre-determine where price action may pivot before that pivot happens, thus giving us an edge over the market. Before I learned about supply and demand zones, I would play support and resistance levels. Overall, this indicator is the ultimate kit for supply and demand zones. It will give you an overview of the market, the underlying buying and selling pressure and let you decide like a pro. And you can use these supple demand zones as BOTH entries and exits. Additionally, two EMAs and a VWAP are included to help make intraday trading decisions. Jul 5, 2024 · Identifying supply and demand zones is a trait of every successful forex trader. Get Sentiment Indicators for MT4/MT5 with 70% OFF . A Pine Script indicator that identifies Supply and Demand Zones for key support and resistance levels and a Range Filter to track trends. The Demand Supply Zone Indicator is a technical analysis tool designed to support your trading analysis. The indicator uses historical price data to calculate zones based on high/low ranges and a customizable ATR-based fuzz factor. This script is written to intuitively deduce between SPY, SPX, ES, US500, QQQ, and NQ to plot the zones in their proper corresponding price levels. The zones represent areas where significant buying (demand) or selling (supply) has occurred in the past, leading to potential support and resistance levels. com/indicator/i-supply-demand-zones-indicator/ - Download FREEIt’s fresh indicator can be use Sep 4, 2019 · # Support/Resistance Zones around pivot S/R points. Identifying regions with strong consolidation using longer periods is the most effective method to figure out the supply and demand zone. Indicator settings. A demand zone is a range where a significant number of buy orders will likely be executed if the price of the stock drops within that range. These zones can provide valuable insight into potential market reversals, breakouts, and important price levels where buyers or sellers are likely to take control. Nov 15, 2024 · Master forex supply and demand with the Supply and Demand Zones Indicator. ⚙️SETTINGS 1. def Num_Dev_Dn = ATR; def Num_Dev_up Jan 9, 2024 · Supply Demand Pro identifies all the STRONGEST supply demand zones for you. Supply and demand zones are like resistance and support lines. Overview. I just now drew support/resistance lines (dotted red lines). If the volume is high, it's likely a supply or demand zone. I'm not sure how others are doing it, but they're out there. Sep 8, 2024 · - Demand Zone Color: You can customize the color and opacity of the demand zone (default is green). Step 4. supply) Predefined criteria (oversold or overbought conditions) Signal Generation: When there's clear dominance of You can also set-up alerts to get notified when a supply or demand zone is being retested, or is broken. Learn about its advanced zone identification, customization options, and alert features. It also adds a context menu item to the default Ninja Trader context menu to hide and show active and broken zones. Don’t spend all day staring at a screen Dec 2, 2024 · Supply and Demand v2 This Pine Script indicator is designed to identify and visualize supply and demand zones on a trading chart, using three different lookback periods for comprehensive analysis. Zone fuzz factor: adjusts how strictly supply Jan 28, 2023 · Author Message: mixing RSI and CCI in different timeframe. This indicator is designed to automatically identify and visualize dynamic supply and demand zones on your chart, helping traders pinpoint potential reversal areas and assess market sentiment with enhanced clarity. Dec 19, 2024 · Indicator Overview The Multi-Timeframe Supply & Demand Zones indicator by Flux Charts displays supply and demand zones on multiple timeframes with two different zone detection methods. ️ Our new Supply Demand Pro for MT5 detects all the strongest supply demand zones for you. Jan 9, 2025 · The Supply & Demand Zone Analyzer is a powerful indicator designed to dynamically detect these critical areas while offering insights into potential breakouts Jun 16, 2024 · The Demand Supply Zone indicator helps in identifying the Demand Supply zones on chart by pinpointing them. Show zones: toggle the display of supply & demand zones. Dec 19, 2024 · Interpreting the Supply Demand Edge Indicator. Its effectiveness depends on the user’s understanding of the Demand Supply Trading Methodology and their trading experience. Supply & demand zones can be used for both trade entry and exit. Oct 19, 2024 · # Advanced Supply and Demand Indicator This Pine Script™ indicator helps traders identify potential supply and demand zones in financial markets. The proper identification of these zones increases the profitability of the trader. Nov 17, 2024 · Introducing the Dynamic Supply and Demand Zones by AlgoAlpha. Potential supply and demand zones are clearly visible on supply and demand charting with intervals of four hours, day, and week. It provides customizable zones, trend analysis, and Buy/Sell alerts, making it ideal for swing and breakout strategies - Mihir-Cap/Supply_and_Demand_Zones_Range_Filter Jan 7, 2022 · Knowing the right positions can increase the profit of Forex traders. Supply and Demand Zones (S&D) Explained What are Supply and Demand Zones? Supply and demand zones are areas on a price chart defined by a trader where price is likely to stall or reverse. Supply zones represent areas where the price has historically shown selling pressure, while demand zones show areas with strong buying interest. The Supply and Demand Zone is a graphical tool that helps to identify areas where there is an abundance or scarcity of a particular good or service. You can change the strength and number of zones Feb 13, 2024 · These buy orders establish "demand zones," while sell orders create "supply zones. Jun 2, 2020 · The indicator was uploaded by Georgios Kalomoiropoulos on the 4th of March 2019, it recently received an update on the 5th of March 2020 and this brought it up to version 2. Sep 8, 2024 · Whether you're day trading or swing trading, this indicator will help you identify key price levels where buying and selling pressures exist. These zone provides very good risk to reward ratio. Also included are what is zone trading and how to build price ranges, indicators of supply and demand zones, and finally, rules of trading in zones. " Supply/Demand Zones - ShortTerm (Expo) analyze the short-term market structure in real-time and maps out key supply and demand zones. 4%. , RSI) Basis of Signal: Price Action (real-time demand and supply analysis) Mathematical conditions (e. When To Buy or Sell ? Buy position when price meets DEMAND zone or BUY Zone; Sell position when price hits strong SUPPLY Zone or SELL Zone Download the “i-supply-demand-zones. Supply and demand zone + key support resistance + fib levels + trend lines. I would suggest to play with, so you can decide if it works the best for you. With the help of this Indicator, you can identify all the boring candles on the chart and even change the parameters according to your needs. Let’s take a look at these… The only indicator that offer a score on each zone to take any guesswork out of the equation. This indicator is extremely customizable. I Supply Demand Zones Indicator for MT4 - https://indicatorspot. This indicator identifies supply and demand zones based on swing highs and lows, combined with market volatility. Sep 17, 2024 · While some traders base their entire strategy on supply and demand zones, you can also use them as an auxiliary tool that complements other indicators like candlestick patterns and volume indicators. Supply Demand Pro for MT5 indicator identifies all the STRONGEST supply demand zones for you. How to Trade Supply & Demand Levels. - The body of the candle is calculated and it is checked how many times it can be repeated in its highest or lowest wick. Understanding how supply and demand interact can help traders to identify potential trading opportunities and make more informed decisions. I'm looking for an indicator to use in ninja trader 8 desktop that will show where the supply and demand zones are for likely bounce areas. These zones include #rallybaserally, #rallybasedrop, #dropbaserally, and #dropbasedrop, providing traders with crucial reference points for understanding market sentiment and potential price Oct 1, 2024 · The Supply and Demand Zone Indicator is a powerful and easy-to-use tool designed to help traders identify critical supply and demand zones on the chart. Step 5. Sometimes the supply box becomes demand. The basic rule is to buy at supply zone and sell at demand zone given that price action is Jul 31, 2024 · Best Supply and Demand Zone Indicators. So you can see all the newly formed trade setups (based on these supply demand zones) with just one glance at the chart. With this indicator, you can: Detect all the strongest supply and demand zones for you. 0. This article guides you on how to use this tool effectively in identifying market zones and anticipating price movements, helping perfect your trading strategies. Jan 16, 2023 · One of the best supply-demand indicators you can use is the Supply Demand Pro for TradingView by Indicator Vault. #Additions by Horserider 9/30/2019 input length = 252; input averageType = AverageType. Oct 16, 2023 · The indicator identifies zones where demand overwhelms supply which is driving the price up, or where supply overwhelms demand which is driving the price down. Jun 26, 2024 · Download the Best Free Supply and Demand Zones Indicator for MT4/MT5! This powerful supdem indicator plots levels in the form of the histogram. Back in late 2020 and early 2021, aapl supply zone was $136, now recently aapl bounced from that, it became a demand zone. The indicator displays supply and demand zones for all timeframes. 2. What qualifies as a zone? If the price moves (open to close) by more than a certain % in one candle or in a bullish / bearish run of candles, the zone is marked as a Demand or Supply zone . Tips: Feel free to use your own favorite trade entry, stop loss and take profit strategy to trade with the Supply & Demand Zones indicator. For example if RSI is under 30 a supply zone is drawn on the chart and extended for as long as there isn't a new crossunder 30. A well-known Supply and Demand trader by the name of Sam Seiden explains three different easy-to-follow ways of identifying Supply and Demand Zones. General Configuration Max Distance To Last Bar -> The maximum distance that the indicator will render supply and demand zones from. With an intuitive and easy-to-use interface, this free Metatrader indicator gives you a clear view of supply and demand zones, allowing you to make more informed and accurate trading decisions / Free MT4 version Dec 21, 2022 · RSI Supply/Demand For ThinkOrSwim A script that draws supply and demand zones based on the RSI indicator. Focus on consolidation areas . Supply and demand zones are an essential concept in technical analysis that can provide valuable insights into market trends and price movements. ️ It really is a hands-off way to find strong supply demand zones. Features of the new Supply and Demand (MTF) Indicator: Renders Supply and Feb 8, 2022 · OVERVIEW The supply and demand zone indicator shows real-time supply and demand zones on the chart. " Identifying these zones enables us to anticipate potential reversals in price trends, allowing us to profitably engage in these significant market movements alongside major institutions. Additionally, receive notifications when price touches fresh price zones. Same way with pattern Drop-Base-Drop and Rally-Base-Drop it will mark "SZ". Aug 20, 2024 · Supply and Demand Zones Identification: The indicator automatically identifies and highlights supply and demand zones on the chart, which are critical areas where the market is likely to reverse or experience significant price movement. Look for price reversals . The indicator “Supply and Demand Zones” shows these zones in the most efficient way on the charts of MT4. It also plots a table including the high and low values of the zones. Dec 20, 2024 · • Includes all 4 zone formations: DBR, RBR, RBD and DBD What are supply and demand zones? Supply and demand zones are visual representations of areas where there has been a price imbalance. #Added the zones using ATR to the Theotrade Pivots study. Validate with The Supply and Demand Zones Forex indicator for Metatrader 4 highlights important zones of support & resistance on the chart. These zones represent areas of strong buying (demand) or selling (supply) pressure, making them key levels Jan 5, 2025 · The Supply Demand Analyzer is a powerful and advanced trading indicator designed to help traders identify Supply and Demand Zones with precision. These zones are formed when price action goes from balanced to imbalanced. The indicator looks for patterns of Drop-Base-Rally and Rally-Base-Rally and when such pattern is available the indicator marks it as DZ ( Demand Zone ). MTF Supply Demand Zones is an indicator, it can be sued with the MetaTrader 4 trading platform and will automatically generate supply and demand zones. Defining Supply Zones Feb 2, 2024 · Powerful MT4 Supply and Demand Zones Indicator Thankfully traders no longer need to manually draw zones spending long tedious hours analyzing every price level across years of charts searching for clues thanks to the specialized indicator highlighting historical S/D zones automatically! Dec 7, 2024 · This simple supply and demand indicator for MT5 might be a bit old-school, but it still outperforms most newer SD indicators, and blows many of them out the water for zone accuracy and useful features. Step 2. It also has more features like the Fibonacci retracement within zones to improve your trading. AMG Supply and Demand Zones Indicator This indicator identifies and visualizes supply and demand zones on the chart to help traders spot key areas of potential price reversals or continuations. CONCEPTS What is Supply & Demand? Supply and Demand represent the two most powerful forces of the forex market. Therefore, when the price reaches the stated level, the orders are filled out, and the price decreases. Whenever a demand imbalance is detected, the indicator will plot a green demand zone which may be used as an area to buy under the right market conditions Jan 27, 2024 · The Supply and Demand indicator on MT5 offers various features to assist traders in their analysis. Nov 14, 2023 · This brings me to my next point: the various methods of identifying Supply and Demand zones. Supply Demand Zones for NT8 add-on plots supply and demand-based zones from various time frames on the chart. The last row of the table also shows the daily trend in the market. Supply and Demand Zone Identification: Both Base and Explosive candles are essential for identifying supply and demand zones within the price action. Show weak/untested/turncoat zone: toggle the display of weak/untested/turncoat zones. So, supply demand zones are obviously great for reversal trading (which offers an amazing reward:risk ratio). kzeydzdakzgdhizskkwjwqkyduqlwbnsxeulxlpieqijsimc